Tag Archive: psychology


Assumptions

Recently I have been playing a console game online, which is quite unusual for me. I am from a different generation, a generation of LAN parties, groups of gaming mates who have all carted their computers to one location to enjoy the kind of multiplayer experience that consoles have been trying to recapture since. Shouting friendly insults, advice, and commands to each over the gaming noise, and occasionally throwing objects too. It wasn’t always so friendly, it could get very competitive at times, but it always worked out and everyone would be back next time for more.
Ah I miss the days of deathmatch before it was dominated by a minority of players. I also miss turning my enemies into chickens, that was always good for a laugh :-P

Then Internet gaming took off and you no longer had to be in the same room to play with each other. In one swoop the social element of gaming disappeared, now only developing over longer games like Work of Warcraft and its ilk. You turn on, play against strangers sat in your room alone, and then turn off at the end. Many online gamers interact with other players only minimally.

The introduction of chat messaging within games early on helped that a little, as did the introduction of voice chat functionality, but it wasn’t until consoles made this more standard and also introduced fixed profiles that real progress was made. There is still a long way to go before gaming becomes truly social again, and I have no idea how it is going to get there. There are some major obstacles to overcome first…

My recent experience reminded me of something. That people often are not comfortable playing with other players clearly outside their age range. For example when I plugged in my headset (with my microphone carefully on mute as usual) I realised that the two other players in my game were young. Very young. At a guess I would have said they were about twelve. They were also American, so there was a lot of “ohmygosh” and similar expressions of amazement at almost anything that happened (even at a loading screen once!). I also realised that not only had they assumed that I was about their age, but they had also made the mistake of assuming that because I had chosen a female character, I was female myself. I’m sure they would have been surprised to find out I was an almost thirty British male!

The psychology of the digital age is something that originally drew me to study psychology. The rules of social interaction are being rewritten, completely new ways of interacting and communicating are shaping our society. When I have more time I would love to dedicate more effort to learning about some of the theories in this area. Its a shame that my course doesn’t cover it!

As promised, here are the videos that help memorise parts of the brain :)

Part 1

Part 2

Freud pt.1

Its interesting that despite my long interest in psychotherapy I have never read or studied Freud. To be honest I have always been put off by the overemphasis of sexual and aggressive drives, and now I’ve read more about Freud’s theories I still feel the same about it. However I do now appreciate more just how much he is to be thanked for; I can see how many other schools of psychoanalysis have drawn from and adapted his ideas. So I will attempt to summarise Freud’s theories very briefly here.

Freudian psychoanalysis is built around three models: The topographic, the structural, and the developmental.

The first model splits the mind into the Conscious, the Pre-conscious, and the Unconscious. The Conscious contains those things that you are aware of and attend to (pay attention to). The Pre-conscious contains those things that you could be aware of, if you attended to them (a physical example would be someone standing on the edge of your vision). Finally Freud’s major and vital contribution: the Unconscious. Here lie things that you are not aware of, and cannot become aware of simply by attending to them. Freud believed that everything in our Unconscious has an innate force pushing it towards consciousness, but anything that could be threatening or objectionable to our conscious selves (such as certain sexual fantasies) is pushed back into our unconscious through a process called repression. However if this objectionable material is mutated and disguised, perhaps as a joke, a dream, or a slip of the tongue (often called a Freudian slip) it may be let through into our consciousness.
This conflict between consciousness and unconsciousness forms, Freud believed, our personalities, behaviours, and mental disorders.

Some time after the above theory, which is the only of Freud’s theories to stand up to empirical testing, Freud proposed the structural model. Here he proposed three collections of thought types (they were never meant to be taken as individual entities or personalities the way they have often been mis-interpreted today): the Id, the Ego, and the Super Ego.

The Id houses all our desires and fantasies, which Freud believed all came from sexual or aggressive drives. It is concerned primarily with immediate gratification and avoiding a state of unpleasure.

The Super Ego contains all the commands and rules of society. It is the aspect of our minds that deals with deciding what is appropriate in different contexts, and tries to control the chaotic Id.

The Ego mediates between these two, helping us balance desires against societal restrictions, resolving the conflict.

The final model Freud proposed is the developmental model, however I will save that for my next post ;-)

I have just finished reading Stitches by David Small, a graphic novel about his childhood growing up in a loveless home. I also received Psychiatric Tales for Christmas, another excellent graphic novel (ish). I am always amazed at how powerful graphic novels can be, so I thought I’d make a quick list of some psychology related graphic novels that I consider worth reading. Please let me know if you know of any more!

Couch Fiction – Phillipa Perry and Junko Graat
This graphic novel is not particularly “story” driven, but does give a great insight into the therapy process. We follow a therapist seeing her new client, and while the troubles he has and her dealing with him are about as simple as can be, being able to see into the minds of both people gives a unique insight into what it is like both to be a client and a therapist. The footnotes at the bottom of most pages then explain the process further, including explaining certain terms and also the intentions of the therapist.
An interesting graphic novel especially worth reading for anyone who wants to know more about what psychodynamic therapy is about.

Psychatric Tales – Darryl Cunningham
This “graphic novel” is clearly intended to give people insight into what working on a psychiatric ward is like. It is split into focused sections like “elderly”, “cutting”, and “bipolar”, and the author clearly has plentiful experience and hold the values of respect, caring, and understanding close. Recommended for anyone interested in learning about psychiatric wards or mental health in general.

Depresso – Brick
Ok, I admit I’ve not had a chance to read this one yet. But it looks good!

Stitches – David Small
Growing up in a loveless house is difficult in any circumstances, but it wasn’t until later that this young man finally found out how much damage he suffered at the hands of his parents. An emotional story of a trapped child, and triumph over adversity.

More reflective thinking

I talked last post about areas I need to improve in. Two more areas I know I need to improve in are boundaries and composure. Boundaries are a tricky thing in a therapeutic setting and more so in a social care setting. In psychology there is a lot of emphasis put on the importance of maintaining very strict boundaries, such as physical contact, sharing of personal information, the nature of tim relationship (especially important in social care due to the need to avoid developing a therapy style relationship), and also in the power dynamic between yourself and the individual you are helping. Again this latter one is particularly important in a social care volunteering setting where it would be very easy to fall into a role of running around doing everything for everyone when really there are quite specific reasons why you are there. Sharing of personal information is a tricky one for me. In psychology in almost every approach it is a strict no-no to sharing any of your personal information with the service users (in psychodynamic therapy this is in order to keep the therapist a ‘blank slate’ onto which the patient can project anything their subconscious may bring up). There are a couple of approaches that challenge this, but they are rare. However in a social care setting I have found that sharing a little with the service user helps building the rapport and trust. It is going to be difficult for me to learn to control this since it has been a core part of my personality for so long!

Keeping calm is important in any mental health care role. It is also incredibly difficult. We all have a tendency to pick up emotions from others and reflect them back, a process known as transference. The best description I have heard of this is imagine standing near a radiator that is belting out heat. Just by standing close to the radiator you get hot, you absorb that heat into yourself. You become two hot things together. Whats more, if you were to walk into the other room where a friend is, they may well comment “wow, you must be boiling, I can feel the heat coming off you!”. The same thing can happen with emotions. We can become sad when we are with someone who is sad, excitable when with someone who is excitable, and angry when with someone who is angry. This becomes a real problem with anger, because the two people can spark off each other making the anger stronger and last longer. The solution to this is to contain the emotions, to not let yourself be affected or to conceal it, and to release those emotions safely in a different setting.

I still have a long way to go with this. Sometimes, but not always, I can maintain my composure. But often I will explode or collapse (emotionally) after the incident. Obviously this is not a particularly safe or controlled release. However I am not sure how to learn better composure. Maybe take a counselling course?

My placement is going great :) I have started shadowing pre-group assessments with service users, I will be co-facilitating two groups, and I am involved in remaking the drug awareness material for low-literacy readers. I am also involved in reviewing the group evaluation measures to see if they can be made more accurate and useful. The next weeks are going to be very busy, especially with the rewrite of the drug awareness material. But I am really looking forward to it all!

I saw a service user in a supported hostel recently and I was warned before I went in that the hostels tend to be dirty and stink of cigarettes. While there was definitely a cigarette smell, I was actually impressed with how clean it was. I suppose, though, that the benchmark I am measuring against is the mental health supported housing that my mother had a room in. She had managed to pile up all sorts of junk in one end of the room completely filling it, and had a 2 litre cola bottle with the top cut off, filled with cigarette ends she had picked up off the street so she could scrape out any unsmoked tobacco into her own rollups. Obviously the place stank. The kitchen was so bad even rats would think twice about going in there, and generally the whole house was a complete state. This was “supported living”, but I never saw any signs of support or the social care that the people living in this house needed. The hostel I saw was a far cry from that; at least the one flat I saw in it was. Clean wood flooring, and generally in good condition.

It was really interesting to see the issues that the service user had including practical things like a conflict with another inhabitant, and more ongoing problems like a tendency to minimise their issues “I’m doing fine. No problems. I don’t have any cravings or difficulty resisting drugs.” A recent positive drug test told a slightly different story. I also got to see substitution in action as it quickly became obvious that the service user was using a legal drug as a substitute for an illegal one. Although the first impression might be that this is an improvement, in truth it maintains the mental patterns of addiction so it is still very easy to slip back into old habits.

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